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arXiv · 2509.23927

FUSAR-KLIP: Towards Multimodal Foundation Models for Remote Sensing

Yi Yang·Xiaokun Zhang·Qingchen Fang·Jing Liu·Ziqi Ye·Rui Li·Li Liu·Haipeng Wang
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Abstract

Cross-modal artificial intelligence, represented by visual language models, has achieved significant success in general image understanding. However, a fundamental cognitive inconsistency exists between general visual representation and remote sensing image interpretation: remote sensing images couple topography, terrain, and spatial structure, thereby inherently requiring models to possess deep geoscientific understanding. This cognitive difference is further amplified in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery: while SAR possesses irreplaceable all-weather, all-day observation capabilities, it is constrained by coherent imaging mechanisms, exhibiting significant modal heterogeneity with general images. To address this inconsistency, we propose FUSAR-KLIP, the first knowledge-guided general multimodal foundational model for SAR, along with reusable data and evaluation baselines. Specifically: (1) FUSAR-GEOVL-1M (the first large-scale SAR dataset with complete geographic projection attributes) was constructed, covering multiple satellite platforms, 120,000 images, and 135 cities; (2) Aligned structured text was generated through hierarchical cognitive thought chains, accurately encoding more than 1 million multidimensional semantic information from geomorphological environment and regional attributes to spatial relationships; (3) A self-consistent iterative optimization mechanism was designed to guide cross-modal learning with this knowledge information consistent with human cognition and physical laws in a self-supervised closed loop consisting of contrast, matching, and reconstruction; (4) A unified evaluation benchmark was established in 11 typical downstream tasks in the two major categories of vision and language, and compared with 15 mainstream foundation models.

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Yi Yang, Xiaokun Zhang, Qingchen Fang, Jing Liu, Ziqi Ye, Rui Li, Li Liu, Haipeng Wang. 2026-01-23. FUSAR-KLIP: Towards Multimodal Foundation Models for Remote Sensing. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23927

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