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arXiv · 2510.02957

QED vacuum polarization in the Coulomb field of a nucleus: a method of high-order calculation

Sergey Volkov
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Abstract

A calculation of the QED vacuum polarization potential in the Coulomb field of a pointlike nucleus was presented in an earlier publication by the author and his collaborators. Corrections up to order $α^2 (Zα)^7$ were evaluated, where $Z$ is the nuclear charge number and $Zα$ is treated as an independent variable. These corrections correspond to two-loop Feynman graphs with proper propagators of fermions in the external field. The calculation employed a reduction to free QED, leading to free QED Feynman graphs with up to eight independent loops. The method of calculation is described here in detail.

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Sergey Volkov. 2026-04-01. QED vacuum polarization in the Coulomb field of a nucleus: a method of high-order calculation. https://doi.org/10.1103/nstc-qqwm

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