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arXiv · 2510.04131

Broadband-operational orbital angular momentum generation in nonlocal metasurfaces with maximum efficiency approaching 80%

Keren Wang·Kaili Sun·Jing Du·Peijuan Dai·Hao Zhou·Lujun Huang·Zhanghua Han·Wei Wang
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Abstract

Nonlocal metasurfaces provide a compact route to generating momentum-space optical vortices but are limited by steep dispersion typically associated with high-quality (Q) factor resonances, resulting in narrowband and inefficient operation. Here, we introduce a reflection-type nonlocal metasurface that hybrid-couples a bound state in the continuum (BIC) with two degeneracy points (DPs). This engineered interaction enables on-demand control of dispersion, radiative Q-factors, and polarization states of guided resonances, yielding quasi-flat dispersion and enhanced scattering strength. Full-wave simulations predict near-unity on-resonance conversion and overall efficiencies above 90%, representing a three- to fourfold efficiency improvement and more than fifteenfold bandwidth expansion over conventional designs. Experiments confirm broadband operation from 1480 to 1600 nm, achieving peak efficiency approaching 80% and orbital angular momentum (OAM) purity up to 91.7% under flat-top illumination, while suppressing edge effects and mitigating positional sensitivity and numerical-aperture (NA) dependence. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate direct conversion of zero-order Bessel beams into OAM Bessel (perfect vortex) beams with enhanced wavelength tunability, underscoring the versatility of this approach over diverse illumination conditions. This record-high performance establishes a practical and scalable pathway toward broadband, high-efficiency vortex generation, opening new opportunities across high-dimensional optical communications, advanced imaging, and quantum photonics.

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Keren Wang, Kaili Sun, Jing Du, Peijuan Dai, Hao Zhou, Lujun Huang, Zhanghua Han, Wei Wang. 2025-10-05. Broadband-operational orbital angular momentum generation in nonlocal metasurfaces with maximum efficiency approaching 80%. https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04131

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