Investigating the Influence of Radiative Feedback in Bright-Rimmed Cloud 44

Rishi C; Neelam Panwar; Thomas J. Haworth; Yan Sun; Saurabh Sharma; R. K. Yadav; D. K. Ojha; H. P. Singh; Jessy Jose; Ajay Kumar Singh; Jincen Jose; Shubham Yadav

arXiv · 2510.08229

Investigating the Influence of Radiative Feedback in Bright-Rimmed Cloud 44

Rishi C·Neelam Panwar·Thomas J. Haworth·Yan Sun·Saurabh Sharma·R. K. Yadav·D. K. Ojha·H. P. Singh·Jessy Jose·Ajay Kumar Singh·Jincen Jose·Shubham Yadav

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Abstract

Radiative feedback from massive stars plays a central role in the evolution of molecular clouds and the interstellar medium. This paper presents a multi-wavelength analysis of the bright-rimmed cloud, BRC 44, which is located at the periphery of the Hii region Sh2-145 and is excited by the massive stars in the region. We use a combination of archival and newly obtained infrared data, along with new optical observations, to provide a census of young stellar objects (YSOs) in the region and to estimate stellar parameters such as age, mass etc. The spatial distribution of YSOs visible in the optical wavelength suggests that they are distributed in separate clumps compared to the embedded YSOs and are relatively older. Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy of four YSOs in this region using the TANSPEC mounted on the 3.6m Devasthal Optical Telescope (DOT) confirms their youth. From Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) fitting, most of the embedded YSO candidates are in their early stage of evolution, with the majority of them in their Class II and some in Class I stage. The relative proper motions of the YSOs with respect to the ionizing source are indicative of the rocket effect in the BRC. The 12CO, 13CO, and C18O observations with the Purple Mountain Observatory are used to trace the distribution of molecular gas in the region. A comparison of the cold molecular gas distribution with simple analytical model calculations shows that the cloud is in the compression stage, and massive stars may be influencing the formation of young embedded stars in the BRC region due to radiative feedback.

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Rishi C, Neelam Panwar, Thomas J. Haworth, Yan Sun, Saurabh Sharma, R. K. Yadav, D. K. Ojha, H. P. Singh, Jessy Jose, Ajay Kumar Singh, Jincen Jose, Shubham Yadav. 2025-10-09. Investigating the Influence of Radiative Feedback in Bright-Rimmed Cloud 44. https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08229

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