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arXiv · 2510.12239

Cocycle weighted infinitesimal bialgebras and pre-Lie algebras on rooted trees

Loïc Foissy·Yunzhou Xie·Dawei Zhang·Yi Zhang
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Abstract

The concept of weighted infinitesimal bialgebras provides an algebraic framework for understanding the non-homogeneous associative Yang-Baxter equation. In this paper, we endow the space of decorated planar rooted forests with a two-parameters family of coproducts, making it into a weighted infinitesimal bialgebra. A combinatorial characterization of the coproducts is given via the notion of forest biideals. Furthermore, by constructing a bilinear symmetric form and introducing a new grafting operation on rooted forests, we describe the associated dual products. We also introduce the notion of the pair-weight 1-cocycle condition and investigate the universal properties of decorated planar rooted forests satisfying this condition. This leads to the definition of a weighted $Ω$-cocycle infinitesimal unitary bialgebra. As applications, we identify the initial object in the category of free cocycle infinitesimal unitary bialgebras on undecorated planar rooted forests, corresponding to the well-known noncommutative Connes-Kreimer Hopf algebra. In addition, we establish isomorphisms between different coproduct structures and construct a pre-Lie algebra structure on decorated planar rooted forests.

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Loïc Foissy, Yunzhou Xie, Dawei Zhang, Yi Zhang. 2025-10-14. Cocycle weighted infinitesimal bialgebras and pre-Lie algebras on rooted trees. https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12239

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