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arXiv · 2510.24081

Global PIQA: Evaluating Commonsense Reasoning Across 100+ Languages and Cultures

Tyler A. Chang·Catherine Arnett·Abdelrahman Sadallah·Abdelrahman Eldesokey·Abeer Kashar·Abolade Daud·Abosede Grace Olanihun·Adamu Labaran Mohammed·Adeyemi Praise·Adhikarimayum Meerajita Sharma·Aditi Gupta·Adril Putra Merin·Adwoa Bremang·Afitab Iyigun·Afonso Simplício·Ahmed Essouaied·Aicha Chorana·Akhil Eppa·Akintunde Oladipo·Akriti Kuri·Akshay Ramesh·Aleksei Dorkin·Alfred Malengo Kondoro·Alham Fikri Aji·Ali Eren Çetintaş·Allan Hanbury·Alou Dembele·Alp Niksarli·Álvaro Arroyo·Amin Bajand·Amol Khanna·Ana Chkhaidze·Ana Carolina Condez·Anamaria-Roberta Hartl·Andiswa Mkhonto·Andrew Hoblitzell·Andrew Tran·Angelos Poulis·Anirban Majumder·Anjali Chaudhary·Anna Vacalopoulou·Annette Kuuipolani Kanahele Wong·Annika Simonsen·Anton Kovalev·Anupam Nayak·Ashvanth S·Ayodeji Lana·Ayu Purwarianti·Bashar Alhafni·Benedict Busole·Bernard Ghanem·Bharti Nathani·Biljana Stojanovska Đurić·Blessing Ogundipe·Bolaotan Agbonile·Bragi Bergsson·Bruce Torres Fischer·Burak Tutar·Burcu Çınar·Cade Kane·Can Udomcharoenchaikit·Chadi Helwe·Chaithra Reddy Nerella·Chen Cecilia Liu·Chiamaka Nwokolo·Christopher Homan·Clément Sampebgo·Cristina España-Bonet·Cynthia Amol·Daeyoep Lee·Dan Saattrup Smart·Dana Arad·Daniil Dzenhaliou·Dasol Choi·David Liu·David Semedo·David Anugraha·Deborah Popoola·Deividas Mataciunas·Delphine Nyaboke·Dennis Owusu·Dhyuthy Krishna Kumar·Diogo Tavares·Diogo Glória-Silva·Divyanshu Goyal·DongGeon Lee·E. Kelly Buchanan·Ebele Nwamaka Anajemba·Egonu Ngozi Grace·Elena Mickel·Elias Herranen·Eliza Acharya·Eman Nisar·Emile Anand·Emmanuel Habumuremyi·Emuobonuvie Maria Ajiboye·Eryawan Presma Yulianrifat·Esther Adenuga·Ewa Rudnicka·Faith Itiola
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Abstract

To date, there exist almost no culturally-specific evaluation benchmarks for large language models (LLMs) that cover a large number of languages and cultures. In this paper, we present Global PIQA, a participatory commonsense reasoning benchmark for over 100 languages, constructed by hand by over 350 researchers from over 65 countries around the world. The 141 language varieties in Global PIQA cover five continents, 19 language families, and 24 writing systems. In the non-parallel split of Global PIQA, over 50% of examples reference local foods, customs, traditions, or other culturally-specific elements. In the parallel split, we translate more "culturally agnostic" commonsense reasoning questions into 131 language varieties, for direct cross-lingual comparisons. In both splits, all examples have been verified by native speakers of the languages. We find that state-of-the-art LLMs perform well on Global PIQA in aggregate, but they exhibit weaker performance in lower-resource languages (e.g. up to a 68% accuracy gap between languages in the parallel split). Global PIQA highlights that in many languages and cultures, everyday knowledge remains an area for improvement in LLMs, alongside more widely-discussed capabilities such as complex reasoning and expert knowledge. Beyond its uses for LLM evaluation, Global PIQA provides a glimpse into the wide diversity of cultures in which human language is embedded.

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Tyler A. Chang, Catherine Arnett, Abdelrahman Sadallah, Abdelrahman Eldesokey, Abeer Kashar, Abolade Daud, Abosede Grace Olanihun, Adamu Labaran Mohammed, Adeyemi Praise, Adhikarimayum Meerajita Sharma, Aditi Gupta, Adril Putra Merin, Adwoa Bremang, Afitab Iyigun, Afonso Simplício, Ahmed Essouaied, Aicha Chorana, Akhil Eppa, Akintunde Oladipo, Akriti Kuri, Akshay Ramesh, Aleksei Dorkin, Alfred Malengo Kondoro, Alham Fikri Aji, Ali Eren Çetintaş, Allan Hanbury, Alou Dembele, Alp Niksarli, Álvaro Arroyo, Amin Bajand, Amol Khanna, Ana Chkhaidze, Ana Carolina Condez, Anamaria-Roberta Hartl, Andiswa Mkhonto, Andrew Hoblitzell, Andrew Tran, Angelos Poulis, Anirban Majumder, Anjali Chaudhary, Anna Vacalopoulou, Annette Kuuipolani Kanahele Wong, Annika Simonsen, Anton Kovalev, Anupam Nayak, Ashvanth S, Ayodeji Lana, Ayu Purwarianti, Bashar Alhafni, Benedict Busole, Bernard Ghanem, Bharti Nathani, Biljana Stojanovska Đurić, Blessing Ogundipe, Bolaotan Agbonile, Bragi Bergsson, Bruce Torres Fischer, Burak Tutar, Burcu Çınar, Cade Kane, Can Udomcharoenchaikit, Chadi Helwe, Chaithra Reddy Nerella, Chen Cecilia Liu, Chiamaka Nwokolo, Christopher Homan, Clément Sampebgo, Cristina España-Bonet, Cynthia Amol, Daeyoep Lee, Dan Saattrup Smart, Dana Arad, Daniil Dzenhaliou, Dasol Choi, David Liu, David Semedo, David Anugraha, Deborah Popoola, Deividas Mataciunas, Delphine Nyaboke, Dennis Owusu, Dhyuthy Krishna Kumar, Diogo Tavares, Diogo Glória-Silva, Divyanshu Goyal, DongGeon Lee, E. Kelly Buchanan, Ebele Nwamaka Anajemba, Egonu Ngozi Grace, Elena Mickel, Elias Herranen, Eliza Acharya, Eman Nisar, Emile Anand, Emmanuel Habumuremyi, Emuobonuvie Maria Ajiboye, Eryawan Presma Yulianrifat, Esther Adenuga, Ewa Rudnicka, Faith Itiola. 2026-05-29. Global PIQA: Evaluating Commonsense Reasoning Across 100+ Languages and Cultures. https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.24081

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