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arXiv · 2510.26227

Transcending Sparse Measurement Limits: Operator-Learning-Driven Data Super-Resolution for Inverse Source Problem

Guanyu Pan·Jianing Zhou·Xiaotong Liu·Yunqing Huang·Nianyu Yi
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Abstract

Inverse source localization from Helmholtz boundary data collected over a narrow aperture is highly ill-posed and severely undersampled, undermining classical solvers (e.g., the Direct Sampling Method). We present a modular framework that significantly improves multi-source localization from extremely sparse single-frequency measurements. First, we extend a uniqueness theorem for the inverse source problem, proving that a unique solution is guaranteed under limited viewing apertures. Second, we employ a Deep Operator Network (DeepONet) with a branch-trunk architecture to interpolate the sparse measurements, lifting six to ten samples within the narrow aperture to a sufficiently dense synthetic aperture. Third, the super-resolved field is fed into the Direct Sampling Method (DSM). For a single source, we derive an error estimate showing that sparse data alone can achieve grid-level precision. In two- and three-source trials, localization from raw sparse measurements is unreliable, whereas DeepONet-reconstructed data reduce localization error by about an order of magnitude and remain effective with apertures as small as $π/4$. By decoupling interpolation from inversion, the framework allows the interpolation and inversion modules to be swapped with neural operators and classical algorithms, respectively, providing a practical and flexible design that improves localization accuracy compared with standard baselines.

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Guanyu Pan, Jianing Zhou, Xiaotong Liu, Yunqing Huang, Nianyu Yi. 2025-10-30. Transcending Sparse Measurement Limits: Operator-Learning-Driven Data Super-Resolution for Inverse Source Problem. https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.26227

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