Stability of plane Couette and Poiseuille flows rotating about the streamwise axis

Abstract

We study the stability of plane Poiseuille flow (PPF) and plane Couette flow (PCF) subject to streamwise system rotation using linear stability analysis and direct numerical simulations. The linear stability analysis reveals two asymptotic regimes depending on the non-dimensional rotation rate ($Ro$): a low-$Ro$ and a high-$Ro$ regime. In the low-$Ro$ regime, the critical Reynolds number $Re_c$ and critical streamwise wavenumber $α_c$ are proportional to $Ro$, while the critical spanwise wavenumber $β_c$ is constant. In the high-$Ro$ regime, as $Ro \rightarrow \infty$, we find $Re_c = 66.45$ and $β_c = 2.459$ for streamwise rotating PPF, and $Re_c = 20.66$ and $β_c = 1.558$ for streamwise rotating PCF, with $α_c\propto 1/Ro$. Our results for streamwise rotating PPF match previous findings by Masuda et al. (2008). Interestingly, the critical values of $β_c$ and $Re_c$ at $Ro \rightarrow \infty$ in streamwise rotating PPF and PCF coincide with the minimum $Re_c$ reported by Lezius & Johnston (1976) and Wall & Nagata (2006) for spanwise rotating PPF at $Ro=0.3366$ and PCF at $Ro=0.5$. We explain this similarity through an analysis of the perturbation equations. Consequently, the linear stability of streamwise rotating PCF at large $Ro$ is closely related to that of spanwise rotating PCF and Rayleigh-Benard convection, with $Re_c = \sqrt{Ra_c}/2$, where $Ra_c$ is the critical Rayleigh number. To explore the potential for subcritical transitions, direct numerical simulations were performed. At low $Ro$, a subcritical transition regime emerges, characterized by large-scale turbulent-laminar patterns in streamwise rotating PPF and PCF. However, at higher $Ro$, subcritical transitions do not occur and the flow relaminarizes for $Re < Re_c$. Furthermore, we identify a narrow $Ro$-range where turbulent-laminar patterns develop under supercritical conditions.