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arXiv · 2511.01510

Luminance-Aware Statistical Quantization: Unsupervised Hierarchical Learning for Illumination Enhancement

Derong Kong·Zhixiong Yang·Shengxi Li·Shuaifeng Zhi·Li Liu·Zhen Liu·Jingyuan Xia
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Abstract

Low-light image enhancement (LLIE) faces persistent challenges in balancing reconstruction fidelity with cross-scenario generalization. While existing methods predominantly focus on deterministic pixel-level mappings between paired low/normal-light images, they often neglect the continuous physical process of luminance transitions in real-world environments, leading to performance drop when normal-light references are unavailable. Inspired by empirical analysis of natural luminance dynamics revealing power-law distributed intensity transitions, this paper introduces Luminance-Aware Statistical Quantification (LASQ), a novel framework that reformulates LLIE as a statistical sampling process over hierarchical luminance distributions. Our LASQ re-conceptualizes luminance transition as a power-law distribution in intensity coordinate space that can be approximated by stratified power functions, therefore, replacing deterministic mappings with probabilistic sampling over continuous luminance layers. A diffusion forward process is designed to autonomously discover optimal transition paths between luminance layers, achieving unsupervised distribution emulation without normal-light references. In this way, it considerably improves the performance in practical situations, enabling more adaptable and versatile light restoration. This framework is also readily applicable to cases with normal-light references, where it achieves superior performance on domain-specific datasets alongside better generalization-ability across non-reference datasets.

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Derong Kong, Zhixiong Yang, Shengxi Li, Shuaifeng Zhi, Li Liu, Zhen Liu, Jingyuan Xia. 2025-12-16. Luminance-Aware Statistical Quantization: Unsupervised Hierarchical Learning for Illumination Enhancement. https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.01510

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