Automorphism-weighted ensembles from TQFT gravity

Abstract

We study the recent proposal of arXiv:2405.20366 which poses a precise holographic duality between a 3d TQFT summed over all topologies and a unitary ensemble of boundary 2d CFTs. In that proposal, the sum over topologies is obtained via genus reduction from topologies with a large genus boundary Riemann surface, while the boundary ensemble is given by all CFTs described by Lagrangian condensations of the bulk TQFT. The main result of this work is to show that each member of this ensemble is weighted by a symmetry factor given by the invertible symmetry group of its categorical symmetry relative to the bulk TQFT as its SymTFT. This is the natural $\unicode{x2014}$ uniform up to isomorphism $\unicode{x2014}$ measure on the groupoid of Lagrangian algebras that describe the boundary theories. We also write the sum over topologies more explicitly in terms of equivalence classes of Heegaard splittings of 3-manifolds with a given boundary and comment on their weights. The holographic duality in this framework can then be viewed as a generalization of the Siegel-Weil formula. We discuss the implications of the main result for non-compact TQFTs. In particular, for the Virasoro case, this implies an ensemble of all CFTs at a given central charge in which CFTs are weighted by their full invertible symmetry. Finally, we show how this TQFT gravity framework gives a natural construction of the baby universe Hilbert space.