Lightning-Induced Faults in Low-Voltage Distribution Networks via Hybrid VTS-PEEC Method

Xiaobing Xiao; Xipeng Chen; Lei Jia; Huaifei Chen; Lu Qu; Chakhung Yeung

Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2511.04441

Lightning-Induced Faults in Low-Voltage Distribution Networks via Hybrid VTS-PEEC Method

Xiaobing Xiao·Xipeng Chen·Lei Jia·Huaifei Chen·Lu Qu·Chakhung Yeung

View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

As a critical component of power supply systems, low-voltage distribution net-works directly affect grid stability and user power supply reliability, yet they face significant threats from lightning-induced faults. Transient simulations are more economical and adaptable for investigating lightning-induced faults in low-voltage distribution networks than experiments. A hybrid Variable Time Step (VTS)-Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) method, has been validat-ed in previous study, is used for Lightning-induced Electromagnetic Pulse (LEMP) simulation and fault analysis. The lightning-induced faults in ex-tended unequal-length double-circuit low-voltage distribution networks are ana-lyzed in this paper. The impact of lightning stroke location on overvoltage and fault risk is the primary focus of this study. Key findings indicate that, for ground strokes in front of the center of one double circuit, similar three-phase negative and bipolar oscillatory waveforms that are linked to fault initiation emerge. Closer strokes promote bipolar waveforms with the main peak negative as well as higher overvoltages and fault risk. These results provide essential insights for under-standing lightning-induced fault mechanisms, thereby laying a foundation for formulating more targeted and effective lightning protection measures.

Explore related subjects

physics.plasm-ph

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeX RIS

Xiaobing Xiao, Xipeng Chen, Lei Jia, Huaifei Chen, Lu Qu, Chakhung Yeung. 2025-11-06. Lightning-Induced Faults in Low-Voltage Distribution Networks via Hybrid VTS-PEEC Method. https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.04441

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Scalable Terbium-149 Production from Highly Enriched Gadolinium-150 Targets

We propose a two-stage production method to overcome existing supply-constraints for the alpha-emitter $^{149\mathrm{g}}$Tb, a promising candidate for Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT) with no existing globally scalable production pathway. Although awaiting experimental measurement of the $^{150}$Gd(p,2n)$^{149\mathrm{g}}$Tb cross section, the proposed method could produce $^{149\mathrm{g}}$Tb at clinical scale and beyond on readily available proton cyclotrons, enabled by production of the extinct but long-lived isotope $^{150}$Gd, a pure alpha emitter with a 1.79 million year half-life. Stage one generates $^{150}$Gd feedstock by irradiating natural Eu or enriched $^{151}$Eu with $\gtrsim$10 MeV protons, neutrons or photons. Stage two produces $^{149\mathrm{g}}$Tb from fabricated $^{150}$Gd targets by driving the $^{150}$Gd(p,2n)$^{149\mathrm{g}}$Tb reaction with $\gtrsim$14 MeV protons, accessible on over 700 reported cyclotrons worldwide. Fast fusion neutrons appear to offer the most scalable pathway for $^{150}$Gd production: even with a large $^{149 \mathrm{g}}$Tb dose size of 1 GBq and 40 million administered doses/yr, we estimate this would require neutrons produced by only 6.8 megawatts of steady-state deuterium-tritium power to produce the required $^{150}$Gd, far below expected capacity in the next decade. The route described here, if validated, would enable $^{149\mathrm{g}}$Tb supply at the scale needed to support clinical development of $^{149\mathrm{g}}$Tb-based TAT.

physics.plasm-ph↗

arXiv2026

Analytic toroidal 3D MHD equilibria and steady Euler flows with invariant surfaces

Families of explicit analytic solutions of the magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium equations are presented, equivalent to steady incompressible Euler flow. The solutions are non-axisymmetric and possess exact nested toroidal flux surfaces. No expansion is made in inverse aspect ratio or in the deviation from axisymmetry. The magnetic field and flux surfaces are given explicitly in Cartesian coordinates using elementary functions. The field, current density, and scalar pressure are smooth over the toroidal domain. The pressure gradient vanishes only on the magnetic axis. One family of solutions has uniform rotational transform $ι=2$, while another family has a sheared $ι$ profile. These counterexamples to Grad's conjecture are valuable for understanding the existence and regularity of 3D equilibria and for testing numerical codes.

physics.plasm-ph↗

arXiv2026

Dynamics of an impulse dielectric barrier discharge in pure ammonia gas using electrical characteristics and imaging analysis

A glow nanosecond discharge from a plane-to-plane impulse dielectric barrier discharge (iDBD) with ammonia gas has been characterised by employing fast imaging and electrical diagnostics. More precisely, the aim of this study is to investigate the dynamics of the discharge establishment under various conditions of applied voltage, pressure, and gas gap. The comparison between the current measurements and the image analysis exposes a strong correlation between the fast excitation and ionization wave velocity and the rising current velocity. This correlation has been found only for diffuse mode discharge since a front wave could be clearly defined, denoted as the luminous propagation front (LPF). Furthermore, this correlation is supported by a proportionality factor of 1.5 10$^{-3}$ which is systematic over the studied conditions. Further investigations are considered to evaluate the relevance of such a value over more parameters.

physics.plasm-ph↗