Outage Probability Analysis of MRC-Based Fluid Antenna Systems under Rician Fading

Abstract

This paper investigates a fluid antenna system (FAS) where a single-antenna transmitter communicates with a receiver equipped with a fluid antenna (FA) over Rician fading channels. Two channel models are considered to incorporate the correlation among the ports into the fading gains, namely: i) the widely used physical reference port model, implemented by considering the first physical port as the reference port; and ii) the more accurate virtual reference port model, considering a common port correlation coefficient and implemented by assuming the presence of a virtual reference port. Assuming that multiple ports among the M available FA ports can be activated, the receiver selects the best K with the highest instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and combines the received signals at the selected ports using maximum ratio combining. For both port models, the statistics of the post-combining SNRs are derived using a characteristic function approach, which allows to analyze the outage probabilities (OPs) of the FAS. Additional closed-form lower bounds on the OPs and the asymptotic OPs at high SNR are derived, revealing the diversity order of the FAS to be M. Numerical results validate the analytical framework and demonstrate the interplay of key system parameters on the performance of the considered MRC-based FAS. Specifically, the inaccuracy of the physical reference port model becomes increasingly evident as M, K, and the average SNR of the FAS increase.