A space-time hybrid parareal method for kinetic equations in the diffusive scaling

Abstract

We present a novel multiscale numerical approach that combines parallel-in-time computation with hybrid domain adaptation for linear collisional kinetic equations in the diffusive regime. The method addresses the computational challenges of kinetic simulations by integrating two complementary strategies: a parareal temporal parallelization method and a dynamic spatial domain adaptation based on perturbative analysis. The multiscale parallel-in-time approach introduced in \cite{LaidinRey2025} is here considered in the diffusive scaling. It employs a coarse fluid solver for efficient temporal propagation coupled with a fine, spatially-hybridized, kinetic solver for accurate resolution. Domain adaptation is governed by two criteria: one measuring the deviation from local velocity equilibrium, and another based on macroscopic quantities available throughout the computational domain. An asymptotic preserving micro-macro decomposition framework handles the stiffness of the original problem. This fully hybrid methodology significantly reduces computational costs compared to full kinetic approaches by exploiting the lower dimensionality of asymptotic fluid models while maintaining accuracy through selective kinetic resolution. The method demonstrates substantial speedup capabilities and efficiency gains across various kinetic regimes.