A novel approach to classification of ECG arrhythmia types with latent ODEs

Angelina Yan; Matt L. Sampson; Peter Melchior

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arXiv · 2511.16933

A novel approach to classification of ECG arrhythmia types with latent ODEs

Angelina Yan·Matt L. Sampson·Peter Melchior

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Abstract

12-lead ECGs with high sampling frequency are the clinical gold standard for arrhythmia detection, but their short-term, spot-check nature often misses intermittent events. Wearable ECGs enable long-term monitoring but suffer from irregular, lower sampling frequencies due to battery constraints, making morphology analysis challenging. We present an end-to-end classification pipeline to address these issues. We train a latent ODE to model continuous ECG waveforms and create robust feature vectors from high-frequency single-channel signals. We construct three latent vectors per waveform via downsampling the initial 360 Hz ECG to 90 Hz and 45 Hz. We then use a gradient boosted tree to classify these vectors and test robustness across frequencies. Performance shows minimal degradation, with macro-averaged AUC-ROC values of 0.984, 0.978, and 0.976 at 360 Hz, 90 Hz, and 45 Hz, respectively, suggesting a way to sidestep the trade-off between signal fidelity and battery life. This enables smaller wearables, promoting long-term monitoring of cardiac health.

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Angelina Yan, Matt L. Sampson, Peter Melchior. 2025-11-21. A novel approach to classification of ECG arrhythmia types with latent ODEs. https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.16933

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