Agent-Kernel: A MicroKernel Multi-Agent System Framework for Adaptive Social Simulation Powered by LLMs

Yuren Mao; Peigen Liu; Xinjian Wang; Rui Ding; Jing Miao; Hui Zou; Mingjie Qi; Wanxiang Luo; Longbin Lai; Kai Wang; Zhengping Qian; Peilun Yang; Yunjun Gao; Ying Zhang

arXiv · 2512.01610

Agent-Kernel: A MicroKernel Multi-Agent System Framework for Adaptive Social Simulation Powered by LLMs

Yuren Mao·Peigen Liu·Xinjian Wang·Rui Ding·Jing Miao·Hui Zou·Mingjie Qi·Wanxiang Luo·Longbin Lai·Kai Wang·Zhengping Qian·Peilun Yang·Yunjun Gao·Ying Zhang

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Abstract

Multi-Agent System (MAS) developing frameworks serve as the foundational infrastructure for social simulations powered by Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing frameworks fail to adequately support large-scale simulation development due to inherent limitations in adaptability, configurability, reliability, and code reusability. For example, they cannot simulate a society where the agent population and profiles change over time. To fill this gap, we propose Agent-Kernel, a framework built upon a novel society-centric modular microkernel architecture. It decouples core system functions from simulation logic and separates cognitive processes from physical environments and action execution. Consequently, Agent-Kernel achieves superior adaptability, configurability, reliability, and reusability. We validate the framework's superiority through two distinct applications: a simulation of the Universe 25 (Mouse Utopia) experiment, which demonstrates the handling of rapid population dynamics from birth to death; and a large-scale simulation of the Zhejiang University Campus Life, successfully coordinating 10,000 heterogeneous agents, including students and faculty.

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Yuren Mao, Peigen Liu, Xinjian Wang, Rui Ding, Jing Miao, Hui Zou, Mingjie Qi, Wanxiang Luo, Longbin Lai, Kai Wang, Zhengping Qian, Peilun Yang, Yunjun Gao, Ying Zhang. 2025-12-01. Agent-Kernel: A MicroKernel Multi-Agent System Framework for Adaptive Social Simulation Powered by LLMs. https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.01610

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