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arXiv · 2512.02136

AT2022zod: An Unusual Tidal Disruption Event in an Elliptical Galaxy at Redshift 0.11

Kristen C. Dage·Phelipe Darc·Thallis Pessi·Rupesh Durgesh·Shravya Shenoy·Lilianne Nakazono·Celine Boehm·Ana L. Chies-Santos·Rafael S. de Souza·Zsofia V. Kovacs-Stermeczky·Arash Bahramian·Bahar Bidaran·Emille E. O. Ishida·Alberto Krone-Martins·Aarya A. Patil·Reinaldo R. Rosa·Andressa Wille·Richard M. Plotkin·Behzad Tahmasebzadeh
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Abstract

Tidal Disruption Events (TDEs) have long been hypothesized as valuable indicators of black holes, offering insight into their demographics and behaviour out to high redshift. TDEs have also enabled the discovery of a few Massive Black Holes (MBHs) with inferred masses of $10^4$--$10^6\,M_\odot$, often associated with the nuclei of dwarf galaxies or ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs). Here we present AT2022zod, an extreme and short-lived optical flare in an elliptical galaxy at z=0.11, residing within 3kpc of the galaxy's centre. Its luminosity and ~30-day duration make it unlikely to have originated from the host galaxy's central supermassive black hole (SMBH), which estimate to have a mass around $10^8\,M_\odot$. Assuming that the emission mechanism is consistent with known observed TDEs, we find that such a rapidly evolving transient could either be produced by a MBH in the intermediate-mass range or, alternatively, result from the tidal disruption of a star on a non-parabolic orbit around the central SMBH. We suggest that the most plausible origin for AT2022zod is the tidal disruption of a star by a MBH embedded in a UCD. As the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time comes online, we propose that AT2022zod serves as an important event for refining search strategies and characterization techniques for intermediate-mass black holes.

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Kristen C. Dage, Phelipe Darc, Thallis Pessi, Rupesh Durgesh, Shravya Shenoy, Lilianne Nakazono, Celine Boehm, Ana L. Chies-Santos, Rafael S. de Souza, Zsofia V. Kovacs-Stermeczky, Arash Bahramian, Bahar Bidaran, Emille E. O. Ishida, Alberto Krone-Martins, Aarya A. Patil, Reinaldo R. Rosa, Andressa Wille, Richard M. Plotkin, Behzad Tahmasebzadeh. 2025-12-12. AT2022zod: An Unusual Tidal Disruption Event in an Elliptical Galaxy at Redshift 0.11. https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.02136

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