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arXiv · 2512.02697

GeoBridge++: Fact-Guided Geo-Semantic Bridging for Unified Cross-View Geo-Localization

Zixuan Song·Jing Zhang·Di Wang·Zhiming Luo·Wenbin Liu·Haonan Guo·En Wang·Bo Du·Liangpei Zhang
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Abstract

Cross-view geo-localization infers a location by retrieving geo-tagged reference images matching a query image. However, the traditional satellite-centric paradigm limits robustness when high-resolution or up-to-date satellite imagery is unavailable and underexploits complementary cues across views and modalities. To address these challenges, we propose GeoBridge, a novel model that performs bidirectional matching across views and supports language-to-image retrieval. GeoBridge builds on a novel semantic-anchor mechanism that bridges multi-view features through textual descriptions for robust, flexible localization. We further extend GeoBridge to propose GeoBridge++, a fact-guided geo-semantic bridging framework incorporating real-world geographic knowledge to reduce the ambiguity and instability in appearance-dominated supervision. It integrates structured geographic attributes with visual observations to construct factual descriptions and applies targeted guidance based on modality-specific observable content, thereby enhancing geographic discriminability. GeoBridge++ exploits explicit spatial structures encoded by static maps to build a geo-semantic bridge that adaptively aggregates complementary multi-view information and promotes cross-view consistency. In support of this task, we further construct GeoLoc-MM, a million-scale, multi-view, and multi-scale dataset with aligned drone, satellite, street-view, and static-map imagery at six spatial extents per location, enabling systematic evaluation of arbitrary cross-view retrieval, scale robustness, and cross-view generalization. Extensive experiments show that GeoBridge supports robust cross-view and cross-modal geo-localization, while GeoBridge++ achieves consistent improvements across multiple benchmarks. Code and dataset will be released at https://github.com/MiliLab/GeoBridge.

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Zixuan Song, Jing Zhang, Di Wang, Zhiming Luo, Wenbin Liu, Haonan Guo, En Wang, Bo Du, Liangpei Zhang. 2026-09-22. GeoBridge++: Fact-Guided Geo-Semantic Bridging for Unified Cross-View Geo-Localization. https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.02697

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