Search arXiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2512.09453

BlockFlex: A Hybrid Resilient Routing Method based on Robust Virtual Overlay for Mega-constellation Networks

Xiangtong Wang
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Mega-constellation networks, comprising thousands of interconnected low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites, represent a transformative leap in global Internet connectivity. However, their operational promise is constrained by complex dynamics arising from persistent satellite--ground topology changes and intermittent inter-satellite link (ISL) failures. These dynamics simultaneously trigger global control-plane overhead and induce sparse connectivity in the network, collectively degrading both the efficiency and resilience of routing. To address these challenges, this paper proposes BlockFLEX, a hybrid routing architecture built upon a robust virtual overlay for LEO mega-constellation networks. BlockFLEX constructs a robust virtual overlay by clustering satellites into anonymous \emph{blocks}, which masks underlying network dynamics and provides a stable topology view for the routing layer. The architecture further employs a two-tier hybrid routing strategy: convergence-free geographic forwarding operates \emph{between} blocks, while convergence-isolated routing runs \emph{within} each block, thereby localizing control-traffic propagation. Beyond this core routing foundation, BlockFLEX incorporates complementary mechanisms to enhance scalability, resilience, and efficiency. Experimental evaluations on current operational LEO mega-constellation networks demonstrate that, under scenarios with up to $30\%$ random ISL failures, BlockFLEX substantially outperforms state-of-the-art schemes in both routing resilience and efficiency.

Explore related subjects

cs.NI

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Xiangtong Wang. 2026-08-05. BlockFlex: A Hybrid Resilient Routing Method based on Robust Virtual Overlay for Mega-constellation Networks. https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.09453

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Semord: Learned Semantic-Preserving Placement and Low-Fanout Routing for Distributed Vector Search

Vector databases are increasingly deployed in distributed settings where different users, sites, or domains maintain vector data. Existing vector databases rely on a coordinator to record which shards store which parts of the vector space and to route each query to those shards. In a decentralized setting, peers may join, leave, or move data without a trusted node tracking every change, and outdated routing information can therefore send queries to the wrong peers or require contacting many peers, reducing vector retrieval recall and increasing network latency. We present Semord, a decentralized vector search overlay system that achieves high recall by routing each ANN query to a small set of relevant peers, without relying on a centralized coordinator. Semord addresses this problem by making semantic locality routable: 1) We propose VHash to place semantically related vectors near each other in the overlay key space while avoiding load imbalance, so that each query only needs to contact a small neighborhood of peers for distributed local ANN ranking. 2) We design VecDHT, a communication protocol that maintains decentralized routing, region metadata, churn resilience, and VHash updates under membership and workload changes. Our extensive experiments on a real testbed show that Semord improves recall by more than 15% and reduces contacted peers by over 60% compared with decentralized baselines. Semord also approaches the recall and latency of a centralized oracle baseline while reducing peak peer-local ANN index memory by more than 2X. Controlled large-scale simulations further show that Semord scales across real-world embedding workloads and remains robust under churn for scoped vector retrieval as a decentralized overlay.

cs.NI↗
arXiv2026

Lizard: Bandwidth-Adaptive Real-Time Video Analytics through Content-Aware Packet Discarding at Last-Mile Edge Routers

The timeliness and accuracy of edge-based video analytics can be hindered by drastic reductions in available bandwidth (ABW) at last-mile edge routers, causing prolonged queuing delays. This work proposes Lizard, a system that leverages video-content-aware packet discarding to mitigate the negative effects of drastic ABW degradation that may frequently occur at a last-mile edge router by judiciously discarding packets that contain frame blocks less important to the analytics at the destination. To achieve this, we first devise a frame-block-aware RTP header extension to effectively decouple packet dependencies to encode frame blocks. Second, Lizard uses a priority-based feedback mechanism that dynamically evaluates packet priorities based on relative accuracy impacts. Third, we develop an adaptive phase-transition-based packet discarding strategy at the router to discard packets that represent unimportant blocks. Our evaluation of Lizard shows improvements over existing methods are substantial: 53.2% reduction in latency and 27.1% increase in analysis accuracy.

cs.NI↗
arXiv2026

Flux: Optimal Scheduling of Optical Circuit Switches for LLM Training

Optical Circuit Switching (OCS) offers high bandwidth density and energy efficiency for LLM training, but incurs a non-negligible reconfiguration delay. Prior work typically schedules optical circuit switches independently of compute, using aggregate traffic demand to determine which circuits to provision and when. We argue that this separation creates a fundamental inefficiency: reconfigurations that ignore the compute timeline can stall communication, resulting in low circuit utilization and large buffer requirements. In this paper, we present Flux, a scheduler that optimally schedules optical circuit switches based on the structure of the entire workload. Flux remains effective across a wide range of switching speeds by reusing circuits and amortizing reconfiguration delay behind compute and communication. We show that Flux reduces training iteration time by up to $10\times$ and peak NIC buffer requirements by more than three orders of magnitude compared to traditional periodic schedulers.

cs.NI↗