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arXiv · 2512.09603

Non-Hermitian trapping of Dirac exciton-polariton condensates in a perovskite metasurface

Mikhail Masharin·Igor Chestnov·Andrey Bochin·Pavel Kozhevin·Vanik Shahnazaryan·Alexey Yulin·Ivan Iorsh·Xuekai Ma·Stefan Schumacher·Sergey Makarov·Anton Samusev·Anton Nalitov
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Abstract

Massless Dirac particles avoid trapping due to their exceptional tunneling properties manifested in the so-called Klein paradox. This conclusion stems from the conservative treatment, but so far, it has not been extended to a non-Hermitian framework. Recently, driven-dissipative bosonic condensation of Dirac exciton-polaritons was demonstrated in metasurface waveguides. Here, we report an experimental observation of spatial binding and energy quantization of Dirac exciton-polaritons in a halide perovskite metasurface. A combination of spatially profiled nonresonant optical excitation and exciton-polariton interaction forms an effective non-Hermitian complex potential responsible for the observed effect. In the case of tightly focused pump spots spanning from 9 to 17~$μ$m, several bound states simultaneously achieve macroscopic occupation, constituting a multi-mode bosonic condensation of exciton-polaritons. Our theoretical analysis based on the driven-dissipative extension of the Dirac equation reveals that the non-Hermitian character of the effective trap allows for confinement even in the case of the gapless Dirac-like photonic dispersion, both above and below the energy of the dispersion crossing.

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Mikhail Masharin, Igor Chestnov, Andrey Bochin, Pavel Kozhevin, Vanik Shahnazaryan, Alexey Yulin, Ivan Iorsh, Xuekai Ma, Stefan Schumacher, Sergey Makarov, Anton Samusev, Anton Nalitov. 2025-12-10. Non-Hermitian trapping of Dirac exciton-polariton condensates in a perovskite metasurface. https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.09603

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