Phase transitions at high and low densities for a rotating QCD matter from holography

Abstract

We applied the exact Andreev soft-wall holographic model to investigate phase transitions in rotating strongly interacting matter at high and low densities. Using the dual description of hadronic matter and quark-gluon plasma via thermal and charged black holes in five-dimensional AdS space with cylindrical symmetry, we find that for relativistic rotations exceeding 16\% of the speed of light, crossover transitions emerge in the low-density regime up to a critical baryon chemical potential $μ_{CPB}$. These smooth transitions, governed by the negative QCD $β$-function, describe a mixed phase of confined and deconfined matter with different angular momenta evolving into a pure plasma at very high temperatures. For $μ\geq μ_{CPB}$, first-order transitions dominate, following the critical-temperature curve of non-rotating matter. The critical point separating the low-density crossovers from high-density first-order transitions is numerically estimated as $(μ_{CPB}, T_{CP}) = (363.554, 58.507)\,\text{MeV}$.