Privacy Blur: Quantifying Privacy and Utility for Image Data Release

Saeed Mahloujifar; Narine Kokhlikyan; Chuan Guo; Kamalika Chaudhuri

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arXiv · 2512.16086

Privacy Blur: Quantifying Privacy and Utility for Image Data Release

Saeed Mahloujifar·Narine Kokhlikyan·Chuan Guo·Kamalika Chaudhuri

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Abstract

Image data collected in the wild often contains private information such as faces and license plates, and responsible data release must ensure that this information stays hidden. At the same time, released data should retain its usefulness for model-training. The standard method for private information obfuscation in images is Gaussian blurring. In this work, we show that practical implementations of Gaussian blurring are reversible enough to break privacy. We then take a closer look at the privacy-utility tradeoffs offered by three other obfuscation algorithms -- pixelization, pixelization and noise addition (DP-Pix), and cropping. Privacy is evaluated by reversal and discrimination attacks, while utility by the quality of the learnt representations when the model is trained on data with obfuscated faces. We show that the most popular industry-standard method, Gaussian blur is the least private of the four -- being susceptible to reversal attacks in its practical low-precision implementations. In contrast, pixelization and pixelization plus noise addition, when used at the right level of granularity, offer both privacy and utility for a number of computer vision tasks. We make our proposed methods together with suggested parameters available in a software package called Privacy Blur.

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Saeed Mahloujifar, Narine Kokhlikyan, Chuan Guo, Kamalika Chaudhuri. 2025-12-18. Privacy Blur: Quantifying Privacy and Utility for Image Data Release. https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.16086

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