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arXiv · 2512.18259

TCP BBR Performance over Wi-Fi~6: AQM Impacts and Cross-Layer Insights

Shyam Kumar Shrestha·Shiva Raj Pokhrel·Jonathan Kua
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Abstract

We evaluate TCP BBRv3 on Wi-Fi 6 home networks under modern AQM schemes using a fully wireless testbed and a simple cross-layer model linking Wi-Fi scheduling, router queueing, and BBRv3's pacing dynamics. Comparing BBR Internet traffic with CUBIC across different AQMs (FIFO, FQ-CoDel, and CAKE) for uplink, downlink, and bidirectional traffic, we find that FIFO destabilizes pacing and raises delay, often letting CUBIC dominate; FQ-CoDel restores fairness and controls latency; and CAKE delivers the best overall performance by keeping delay low and aligning BBRv3's sending and delivered rates. We also identify a Wi-Fi-specific effect where CAKE's rapid queue draining, while improving pacing alignment, can trigger brief retransmission bursts during BBRv3's bandwidth probes. These results follow from the interaction of variable Wi-Fi service rates, AQM delay control, and BBRv3's inflight limits, leading to practical guidance to use FQ-CoDel or CAKE and avoid unmanaged FIFO in home Wi-Fi, with potential for Wi-Fi-aware tuning of BBRv3's probing.

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Shyam Kumar Shrestha, Shiva Raj Pokhrel, Jonathan Kua. 2026-03-29. TCP BBR Performance over Wi-Fi~6: AQM Impacts and Cross-Layer Insights. https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.18259

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