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arXiv · 2512.18721

Magnetic monopoles as probes of the global structure of the Standard Model

Yunji Ha
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Abstract

The magnetic charges of monopoles arising in ultraviolet completions of the Standard Model are constrained by the global structure of the gauge group. After electroweak symmetry breaking, a subset of the ultraviolet monopoles carrying magnetic charges 3$g_D$ and $6g_D$ can survive as isolated, colour-neutral states in the infrared. We show that this selection rule follows from the interplay between the symmetry structure and the magnetic 1-form symmetry, and discuss how the relic abundance of such monopoles can be naturally suppressed by the symmetry breaking scale. We further demonstrate that such monopoles with Lorentz factor $γ\lesssim 10^4$ propagate through matter with ionisation energy loss profiles scaling as $g^2$ using CORSIKA Monte Carlo simulations.

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Yunji Ha. 2025-12-21. Magnetic monopoles as probes of the global structure of the Standard Model. https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.18721

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