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arXiv · 2512.20445

Black hole solutions with a linear equation of state in Hořava gravity and Einstein--æther theory

Milko Estrada
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Abstract

We provide a procedure to obtain black hole (BH) solutions in Hořava gravity and Einstein--æther theory (HG--EA) for the spherically symmetric (SS) case with a static æther. This procedure consists of first specifying the form of the equation of state (EoS), rather than prescribing an energy density profile. The usual EoS for the static and SS case, $ρ= -p_r$, is no longer satisfied due to the presence of the HG--EA terms. We study three linear EoS associated with: an analogue charged BH, a non-trivial extremal BH, and an ultra-relativistic stiff fluid, respectively. The HG--EA terms lead to exotic behaviors, both in the physical properties of the solutions and in their thermodynamics. In Case I, the matter sources can be interpreted as an exotic anisotropic matter distribution, giving rise to an effective electric-potential term in the geometry. In Case II, we obtain a non-trivial extremal BH solution for which the event horizon is $n_{\text{odd}}$-fold degenerate. In Case III, we find a solution with a non-trivial repulsive potential, where the influence of the HG--EA terms at short scales leads to the formation of a BH remnant whose horizon encloses a central singularity (instead of a de Sitter core as occurs in regular BHs

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Milko Estrada. 2026-07-26. Black hole solutions with a linear equation of state in Hořava gravity and Einstein--æther theory. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140798

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