VLN-MME: Diagnosing MLLMs as Language-guided Visual Navigation agents

Xunyi Zhao; Gengze Zhou; Qi Wu

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arXiv · 2512.24851

VLN-MME: Diagnosing MLLMs as Language-guided Visual Navigation agents

Xunyi Zhao·Gengze Zhou·Qi Wu

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Abstract

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of vision-language tasks. However, their performance as embodied agents, which requires multi-round dialogue spatial reasoning and sequential action prediction, needs further exploration. Our work investigates this potential in the context of Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) by introducing a unified and extensible evaluation framework to probe MLLMs as zero-shot agents by bridging traditional navigation datasets into a standardized benchmark, named VLN-MME. We simplify the evaluation with a highly modular and accessible design. This flexibility streamlines experiments, enabling structured comparisons and component-level ablations across diverse MLLM architectures, agent designs, and navigation tasks. Crucially, enabled by our framework, we observe that enhancing our baseline agent with Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning and self-reflection leads to an unexpected performance decrease. This suggests MLLMs exhibit poor context awareness in embodied navigation tasks; although they can follow instructions and structure their output, their 3D spatial reasoning fidelity is low. VLN-MME lays the groundwork for systematic evaluation of general-purpose MLLMs in embodied navigation settings and reveals limitations in their sequential decision-making capabilities. We believe these findings offer crucial guidance for MLLM post-training as embodied agents.

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BibTeX RIS

Xunyi Zhao, Gengze Zhou, Qi Wu. 2026-01-06. VLN-MME: Diagnosing MLLMs as Language-guided Visual Navigation agents. https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.24851

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