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arXiv · 2601.03591

Interplay of activity and non-reciprocity in tracer dynamics: From non-equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation to giant diffusion

Subhajit Paul·Manish Patel·Debasish Chaudhuri
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Abstract

Non-reciprocal interactions play a key role in shaping transport in active and passive systems, giving rise to striking nonequilibrium behavior. Here, we study the dynamics of a tracer -- active or passive -- embedded in a bath of active or passive particles, coupled through non-reciprocal interactions. Starting from the microscopic stochastic dynamics of the full system, we derive an overdamped generalized Langevin equation for the tracer, incorporating a non-Markovian memory kernel that captures bath-mediated correlations. This framework allows us to compute the tracer's velocity and displacement response, formulate a generalized nonequilibrium fluctuation-dissipation relation, and determine the mean-squared displacement (MSD). We find that while the MSD becomes asymptotically diffusive, the effective diffusivity depends non-monotonically on the degree of non-reciprocity and exhibits a pronounced enhancement near a resonance set by the number of bath particles. We refer to this regime as giant diffusivity. We further show that this enhanced transport is accompanied by a strong increase in heat dissipation, revealing a direct thermodynamic cost of non-reciprocal transport. Our analytical predictions are supported by numerical simulations, including systems with short-range interactions, demonstrating the robustness of giant diffusivity and highlighting experimentally accessible signatures of non-reciprocal interactions in soft materials.

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Subhajit Paul, Manish Patel, Debasish Chaudhuri. 2026-01-07. Interplay of activity and non-reciprocity in tracer dynamics: From non-equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation to giant diffusion. https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.03591

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