PartisanLens: A Multilingual Dataset of Hyperpartisan and Conspiratorial Immigration Narratives in European Media

Michele Joshua Maggini; Paloma Piot; Anxo Pérez; Erik Bran Marino; Lúa Santamaría Montesinos; Ana Lisboa; Marta Vázquez Abuín; Javier Parapar; Pablo Gamallo

arXiv · 2601.03860

PartisanLens: A Multilingual Dataset of Hyperpartisan and Conspiratorial Immigration Narratives in European Media

Michele Joshua Maggini·Paloma Piot·Anxo Pérez·Erik Bran Marino·Lúa Santamaría Montesinos·Ana Lisboa·Marta Vázquez Abuín·Javier Parapar·Pablo Gamallo

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Abstract

Detecting hyperpartisan narratives and Population Replacement Conspiracy Theories (PRCT) is essential to addressing the spread of misinformation. These complex narratives pose a significant threat, as hyperpartisanship drives political polarisation and institutional distrust, while PRCTs directly motivate real-world extremist violence, making their identification critical for social cohesion and public safety. However, existing resources are scarce, predominantly English-centric, and often analyse hyperpartisanship, stance, and rhetorical bias in isolation rather than as interrelated aspects of political discourse. To bridge this gap, we introduce \textsc{PartisanLens}, the first multilingual dataset of \num{1617} hyperpartisan news headlines in Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese, annotated in multiple political discourse aspects. We first evaluate the classification performance of widely used Large Language Models (LLMs) on this dataset, establishing robust baselines for the classification of hyperpartisan and PRCT narratives. In addition, we assess the viability of using LLMs as automatic annotators for this task, analysing their ability to approximate human annotation. Results highlight both their potential and current limitations. Next, moving beyond standard judgments, we explore whether LLMs can emulate human annotation patterns by conditioning them on socio-economic and ideological profiles that simulate annotator perspectives. At last, we provide our resources and evaluation, \textsc{PartisanLens} supports future research on detecting partisan and conspiratorial narratives in European contexts.

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Michele Joshua Maggini, Paloma Piot, Anxo Pérez, Erik Bran Marino, Lúa Santamaría Montesinos, Ana Lisboa, Marta Vázquez Abuín, Javier Parapar, Pablo Gamallo. 2026-01-07. PartisanLens: A Multilingual Dataset of Hyperpartisan and Conspiratorial Immigration Narratives in European Media. https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.03860

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