Impact of control signal phase noise on qubit fidelity

Abstract

As qubit decoherence times are increased and readout technologies are improved, nonidealities in the drive signals, such as phase noise, are going to represent a crucial limitation to the fidelity achievable at the end of complex control pulse sequences. Although the effect of phase noise of reference oscillators on qubit performance has been studied previously, its interaction with realistic time-dependent control pulses and its contribution to fidelity degradation have not yet been investigated in sufficient detail, and remains a critical challenge. Here we study the impact on fidelity of phase noise affecting reference oscillators with the help of numerical simulations, which allow us to directly take into account the interaction between the phase fluctuations in the control signals and the evolution of the qubit state, thereby achieving a comprehensive understanding of the actual role played by the different spectral components of phase noise. In particular, we perform an analysis of the effect of the individual noise frequency contributions, providing a clear identification of the spectral regions that most critically impact fidelity and establishing their relative weight in the overall fidelity degradation. Our method is based on the generation of phase noise realizations consistent with a given power spectral density, that are then applied to the pulse carrier in simulations, with Qiskit-Dynamics, of the qubit temporal evolution. By comparing the final state obtained at the end of a noisy pulse sequence with that in the ideal case and averaging over multiple noise realizations, we estimate the resulting degradation in fidelity, and, exploiting an approximate analytical representation of a carrier affected by phase fluctuations, we shed new light on the nature of the different contributions, and provide an intuitive physical picture.