arXiv · 2601.10051
Based on M. Hall's theorem we prove a simple result dealing with real numbers which admit exact approximations by rationals.
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Dmitry Gayfulin, Sergei Pitcyn. 2026-07-15. A note on exact approximations. https://doi.org/10.2140/cnt.2026.15.181
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Landau's well known asymptotic formula $$N_k(x):=\ \mid\{n\leq x : Ω(n)=k\}\mid \ \sim \left( \frac{x}{\log x} \right) \frac{(\log\log x)^{k-1}}{(k - 1)!}\ \ (x \rightarrow \infty),$$ which also holds for $$π_k(x):=\ \mid\{n\leq x : ω(n)=k\}\mid,$$ is known to be fairly poor for $k > 1$, and when $k$ is allowed to tend to infinity with $x$, the study of $N_k(x)$ and $π_k(x)$ becomes very technical [1, Chapter II.6, $§$ 6.1, p.200]. I hope to show that the method described below provides not only a more accurate approach, but rather increases in its asymptotic accuracy as $k$ tends to infinity.
We prove a $p$-adic divisibility between the automorphic periods of a cuspidal automorphic representation of $\mathrm{GL}_3(\mathbb{Q})$ and the periods of its Arthur-Clozel's base change to some real quadratic field $E$. This generalizes earlier works of Tilouine-Urban and of Hida in the case of classical modular forms. The divisibility we prove involves a new kind of automorphic periods, defined using the middle degree of the cuspidal cohomology of $\mathrm{GL}_3(E)$, instead of the top or bottom degrees. We also investigate the Rogawski's stable base change from the quasi-split unitary group $U_E$ associated with $E$ to $\mathrm{GL}_3(E)$. In this situation, we also obtain some results toward a $p$-adic divisibility of automorphic periods.
The ring of integers and the discriminant are determined for number fields which are simple radical extensions.