Toward Human-Centered Human-AI Interaction: Advances in Theoretical Frameworks and Practice

Zaifeng Gao; Yuanxiu Zhao; Hanxi Pan; Wei Xu

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arXiv · 2601.11812

Toward Human-Centered Human-AI Interaction: Advances in Theoretical Frameworks and Practice

Zaifeng Gao·Yuanxiu Zhao·Hanxi Pan·Wei Xu

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Abstract

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), machines are increasingly evolving into intelligent agents, and the human-machine relationship is shifting from traditional "human-computer interaction" toward a new paradigm of "human-AI collaboration." However, technology-centered approaches to AI development have gradually revealed limitations such as fragility, bias, and low explainability, highlighting the urgent need for human-centered AI (HCAI) design philosophy. As a systems engineering approach, the successful implementation of HCAI depends critically on the design and optimization of high-quality human-AI interaction (HAII). This paper systematically reviews our research team's nearly decade-long exploration and practice in HCAI. At the level of research vision, we were among the first in China to systematically propose HAII as an interdisciplinary field and to develop a human-centered conceptual framework for human--AI collaboration. At the theoretical level, we introduced frameworks for human-AI joint cognitive systems, team-level situation awareness among intelligent agents, and shared social understanding, forming a relatively comprehensive theoretical system. At the methodological level, we established a hierarchical HCAI framework and a taxonomy of HCAI implementation methods. At the application level, we conducted a series of studies in domains such as autonomous driving, intelligent aircraft cockpit, and trust in human-AI collaboration, empirically validating the effectiveness of the proposed frameworks. Looking ahead, research on HCAI and HAII must continue to advance along three dimensions: theoretical deepening, methodological innovation, and application expansion, promoting the development of an intelligent society that is human-centered and characterized by harmonious human-AI coexistence.

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Zaifeng Gao, Yuanxiu Zhao, Hanxi Pan, Wei Xu. 2026-02-18. Toward Human-Centered Human-AI Interaction: Advances in Theoretical Frameworks and Practice. https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.11812

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