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arXiv · 2601.14252

Semantic Identity Compression: Zero-Error Laws, Rate-Distortion, and Neurosymbolic Necessity

Tristan Simas
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Abstract

Symbolic systems operate over precise identities: variables denote specific objects, pointers target precise memory locations, and database keys refer to singular records. Neural embeddings generalize by compressing away semantic detail, but this compression creates collision ambiguity: multiple distinct entities can share the same representation value. Exact identity recovery requires additional information precisely when representation fibers have size greater than one. The residual cost is controlled by a single combinatorial object: the collision-fiber geometry of the representation map $π$. Let $A_π=\max_u |π^{-1}(u)|$ be the largest collision fiber. The finite laws include a tight fixed-length converse $L \ge \log_2 A_π$, an exact finite-block scaling law, a pointwise adaptive budget $\lceil \log_2 |π^{-1}(u)|\rceil$, and an exact fiberwise rate-distortion law for arbitrary finite sources via recoverable-mass decomposition across representation fibers. The uniform single-block formula $D^\star(L)=\max(0,1-2^L/a)$ appears as a closed-form special case when all mass lies on one collision block, where $a = A_π$ is the collision block size. The same fiber geometry determines query complexity and canonical structure for distinguishing families. Because this residual ambiguity is structural rather than representation-specific, symbolic identity mechanisms (handles, keys, pointers, nominal tags) are the necessary system-level complement to any non-injective semantic representation. All main results are machine-checked in Lean 4.

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Tristan Simas. 2026-04-30. Semantic Identity Compression: Zero-Error Laws, Rate-Distortion, and Neurosymbolic Necessity. https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.14252

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