Investigating cerebral anomalies in preterm infants and associated risk factors with magnetic resonance imaging at term-equivalent age

Nicolas Elbaz; Valérie Biran; Chloé Ghozland; Laurie Devisscher; Aline Gonzalez Carpinteiro; Aurélie Bourmaud; Monique Elmaleh-Bergès; Lucie Hertz-Pannier; Yann Leprince; Alice Frérot; Alice Héneau; Jessica Dubois; Marianne Alison

arXiv · 2601.14313

Investigating cerebral anomalies in preterm infants and associated risk factors with magnetic resonance imaging at term-equivalent age

Nicolas Elbaz·Valérie Biran·Chloé Ghozland·Laurie Devisscher·Aline Gonzalez Carpinteiro·Aurélie Bourmaud·Monique Elmaleh-Bergès·Lucie Hertz-Pannier·Yann Leprince·Alice Frérot·Alice Héneau·Jessica Dubois·Marianne Alison

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Abstract

Background: Being born very or extreme preterm is a major source of cerebral anomalies and neurodevelopmental disorders, whose occurrence depends on many perinatal factors. A better understanding of these factors could be provided by cerebral Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) at term-equivalent age (TEA). Objective: To investigate, through cerebral TEA-MRIs, the relationship between the main perinatal factors, the occurrence of cerebral anomalies, and cerebral volumetry. Methods: We assembled a cohort of preterm babies born before 32 weeks of gestation who underwent a cerebral TEA-MRI. We assessed cerebral anomalies using a radiological scoring system -- the Kidokoro scoring -- and performed cerebral volumetry. We investigated the relationships between 9 clinical factors (birth characteristics, resuscitation treatments{\ldots}), Kidokoro scores, and brain volumes. Results: Among 110 preterms who underwent a cerebral MRI at TEA, only 6% suffered moderate-to-severe brain anomalies. We identified mechanical ventilation as a risk factor for cerebral anomalies (adjusted Odds-Ratio aOR = 4.6, 95% Confidence Interval CI [1.7-12.8]) and prolonged parenteral nutrition as a protective factor for white matter anomalies (aOR = 0.2, 95%CI [0.1-0.8]). Mechanical ventilation (p = 0.01) and being born small for gestational age (p < 0.001) were risk factors for the reduction of cerebral volumes. An increase in brain lesion severity was associated with decreased cerebral volumes (p = 0.016). Conclusion: Our study highlights the importance of treatment-related perinatal factors on the occurrence of cerebral anomalies in very and extreme preterms, and the interest in using both qualitative (Kidokoro scoring) and quantitative (volumetry) MRI-tools.

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Nicolas Elbaz, Valérie Biran, Chloé Ghozland, Laurie Devisscher, Aline Gonzalez Carpinteiro, Aurélie Bourmaud, Monique Elmaleh-Bergès, Lucie Hertz-Pannier, Yann Leprince, Alice Frérot, Alice Héneau, Jessica Dubois, Marianne Alison. 2026-01-19. Investigating cerebral anomalies in preterm infants and associated risk factors with magnetic resonance imaging at term-equivalent age. https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.14313

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