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arXiv · 2601.18024

Fourier extensions for matrix-function block encodings with error-independent subnormalization bounds

Peter Brearley·Thomas L. Howarth·Ben Adcock
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Abstract

Block encodings of non-unitary matrix functions are central to quantum numerical linear algebra. Hamiltonian simulation is a natural input model for Hermitian matrices, but accurate block encodings often incur large subnormalization. We decouple the accuracy from the subnormalization by formulating the matrix-function block encoding as a Fourier-extension approximation problem, yielding a linear combination of unitaries for Hermitian matrix inputs. Fourier extensions approximate non-periodic functions by a Fourier series on a larger periodic domain, creating redundant coefficients that can be optimized for their absolute sum, and hence subnormalization. The coefficients may be chosen for optimal subnormalization with algebraic convergence, by tuning the subnormalization bound for increasing rates of exponential convergence, or by Sobolev-regularized fitting to accommodate more general spectral sets. Fourier-extension block encodings apply to eigenvalue transforms of Hermitian matrices, or to odd singular-value transforms of general matrices, including as a quantum linear systems algorithm.

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Peter Brearley, Thomas L. Howarth, Ben Adcock. 2026-07-18. Fourier extensions for matrix-function block encodings with error-independent subnormalization bounds. https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.18024

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