Trajectory-Based RBF Collocation Method via Closest-Point Embedding for Surface Advection-Diffusion Equations

Abstract

We introduce a Trajectory-Based RBF Collocation (TBRBF) method for solving surface advection-diffusion equations on smooth, compact manifolds. TBRBF decouples advection and diffusion by applying a characteristic treatment with a Kansa-type RBF collocation method for diffusion PDE, which yields an operator-split characteristic (OSC) system comprising a characteristic ODE and a diffusion PDE. We rigorously prove the equivalence between the OSC system and the original surface PDE on manifolds by embedding the latter into a narrow band domain through the closest point mapping and its constant-along-normal extension. Using an intrinsic approach, we construct a time-continuous embedded PDE with push-forward operators in each chart of the atlas and establish its equivalence with the OSC system in the narrow band. Restricting the solution back to the manifold recovers the OSC system on manifolds, ensuring that the method introduces no operator splitting error. After the surface OSC system is obtained, it admits both extrinsic and intrinsic discretizations. Extensive numerical experiments confirm the robust stability and accuracy of the proposed method.