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arXiv · 2601.23103

Vision-Language Controlled Deep Unfolding for Joint Medical Image Restoration and Segmentation

Ping Chen·Zicheng Huang·Xiangming Wang·Yungeng Liu·Bingyu Liang·Haijin Zeng·Yongyong Chen
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Abstract

We propose VL-DUN, a principled framework for joint All-in-One Medical Image Restoration and Segmentation (AiOMIRS) that bridges the gap between low-level signal recovery and high-level semantic understanding. While standard pipelines treat these tasks in isolation, our core insight is that they are fundamentally synergistic: restoration provides clean anatomical structures to improve segmentation, while semantic priors regularize the restoration process. VL-DUN resolves the sub-optimality of sequential processing through two primary innovations. (1) We formulate AiOMIRS as a unified optimization problem, deriving an interpretable joint unfolding mechanism where restoration and segmentation are mathematically coupled for mutual refinement. (2) We introduce a frequency-aware Mamba mechanism to capture long-range dependencies for global segmentation while preserving the high-frequency textures necessary for restoration. This allows for efficient global context modeling with linear complexity, effectively mitigating the spectral bias of standard architectures. As a pioneering work in the AiOMIRS task, VL-DUN establishes a new state-of-the-art across multi-modal benchmarks, improving PSNR by 0.92 dB and the Dice coefficient by 9.76\%. Our results demonstrate that joint collaborative learning offers a superior, more robust solution for complex clinical workflows compared to isolated task processing. The codes are provided in https://github.com/cipi666/VLDUN.

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Ping Chen, Zicheng Huang, Xiangming Wang, Yungeng Liu, Bingyu Liang, Haijin Zeng, Yongyong Chen. 2026-01-30. Vision-Language Controlled Deep Unfolding for Joint Medical Image Restoration and Segmentation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.23103

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