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arXiv · 2602.01949

Boundary-Constrained Diffusion Models for Floorplan Generation: Balancing Realism and Diversity

Leonardo Stoppani·Davide Bacciu·Shahab Mokarizadeh
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Abstract

Diffusion models have become widely popular for automated floorplan generation, producing highly realistic layouts conditioned on user-defined constraints. However, optimizing for perceptual metrics such as the Fr\'echet Inception Distance (FID) causes limited design diversity. To address this, we propose the Diversity Score (DS), a metric that quantifies layout diversity under fixed constraints. Moreover, to improve geometric consistency, we introduce a Boundary Cross-Attention (BCA) module that enables conditioning on building boundaries. Our experiments show that BCA significantly improves boundary adherence, while prolonged training drives diversity collapse undiagnosed by FID, revealing a critical trade-off between realism and diversity. Out-Of-Distribution evaluations further demonstrate the models' reliance on dataset priors, emphasizing the need for generative systems that explicitly balance fidelity, diversity, and generalization in architectural design tasks.

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Leonardo Stoppani, Davide Bacciu, Shahab Mokarizadeh. 2026-02-02. Boundary-Constrained Diffusion Models for Floorplan Generation: Balancing Realism and Diversity. https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.01949

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