WildCat: Near-Linear Attention in Theory and Practice

Tobias Schröder; Lester Mackey

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arXiv · 2602.10056

WildCat: Near-Linear Attention in Theory and Practice

Tobias Schröder·Lester Mackey

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Abstract

We introduce WildCat, a high-accuracy, low-cost approach to compressing the attention mechanism in neural networks. While attention is a staple of modern network architectures, it is also notoriously expensive to deploy due to resource requirements that scale quadratically with the input sequence length $n$. WildCat avoids these quadratic costs by only attending over a small weighted coreset. Crucially, we select the coreset using a fast but spectrally-accurate subsampling algorithm -- randomly pivoted Cholesky -- and weight the elements optimally to minimise reconstruction error. Remarkably, given bounded inputs, WildCat approximates exact attention with super-polynomial $O(n^{-\sqrt{\log(\log(n))}})$ error decay while running in near-linear $O(n^{1+o(1)})$ time. In contrast, prior practical approximations either lack error guarantees or require quadratic runtime to guarantee such high fidelity. We couple this advance with a GPU-optimized PyTorch implementation and a suite of benchmark experiments demonstrating the benefits of WildCat for image generation, image classification, and language model KV cache compression.

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Tobias Schröder, Lester Mackey. 2026-06-01. WildCat: Near-Linear Attention in Theory and Practice. https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.10056

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