Enhancing AAV-Enabled Secure Communications via Synthetic Aperture Beamforming

Abstract

In this paper, we consider a synthetic aperture secure beamforming approach for a virtual multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) broadcast channel in the presence of hybrid wiretapping environments. Our goal is to design the flight node deployment constructed by a single-antenna mobile autonomous aerial vehicle (AAV), corresponding transmission symbol strategy, transmit precoding, and received beamforming to maximize the system channel capacity. Leveraging the synthetic aperture beamforming, we aim to provide spatial gain along a predefined angle in free space while reducing it in others and thus enhance physical layer (PHY) security. To this end, we analyze the expression of the asymptotic channel eigenvalues to optimize the AAV flight node deployment. For the optimal precoding design, an energy-efficient method that minimizes the transmit power consumption is studied based on the given virtual MIMO channel, while meeting the quality of service (QoS) for the base station (BS), leakage tolerance of eavesdroppers (Eves), and per-node power constraints. The power minimization problem is a non convex program, which is then reformulated as a tractable form after some mathematical manipulations. Moreover, we design the received beamforming by applying the linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) method such that the jamming can be effectively suppressed. Numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method in promoting capacity.