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arXiv · 2603.05893

Non-urgent Messages Do Not Jump into My Headset Suddenly! Adaptive Notification Design in Mixed Reality

Jingyao Zheng·Xian Wang·Sven Mayer·Lik-Hang Lee
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Abstract

Mixed reality (MR) notification systems currently display all messages in fixed central locations regardless of urgency, leading to unnecessary interruptions and cognitive overload. Drawing from previous MR/Virtual Reality (VR) notification design work and calm technology principles, we developed an adaptive notification system that adjusts spatial placement based on urgency levels: non-urgent notifications appear as peripheral icons accessible via head movement, moderately urgent messages anchor to the user's hand, and very urgent notifications transition progressively from peripheral to central view. Through a within-subjects study (N=18), we evaluated our adaptive system against the default centralised approach. Results demonstrate that the adaptive system significantly reduces mental workload (p=0.041), temporal workload (p=0.008), and frustration (p=0.004) while maintaining comparable notification awareness. Logistic regression analysis reveals that users prefer the adaptive system even with classification errors, provided the combined misclassification rate (disruptiveness + omission errors) remains below a determinable threshold. Our findings establish the first empirical evidence that urgency-based spatial notification distribution effectively addresses core MR usability challenges, offering practical design guidelines for immersive notification systems that balance user attention management with information accessibility.

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Jingyao Zheng, Xian Wang, Sven Mayer, Lik-Hang Lee. 2026-03-06. Non-urgent Messages Do Not Jump into My Headset Suddenly! Adaptive Notification Design in Mixed Reality. https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.05893

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