Distributed Algorithms for Euclidean Clustering

Abstract

We study the problem of constructing $(1+\varepsilon)$-coresets for Euclidean $(k,z)$-clustering in the distributed setting, where $n$ data points are partitioned across $s$ sites. We focus on two prominent communication models: the coordinator model and the blackboard model. In the coordinator model, we design a protocol that achieves a $(1+\varepsilon)$-strong coreset with total communication complexity $\tilde{O}\left(sk + \frac{dk}{\min(\varepsilon^4,\varepsilon^{2+z})} + dk\log(nΔ)\right)$ bits, improving upon prior work (Chen et al., NeurIPS 2016) by eliminating the need to communicate explicit point coordinates in-the-clear across all servers. In the blackboard model, we further reduce the communication complexity to $\tilde{O}\left(s\log(nΔ) + dk\log(nΔ) + \frac{dk}{\min(\varepsilon^4,\varepsilon^{2+z})}\right)$ bits, achieving better bounds than previous approaches while upgrading from constant-factor to $(1+\varepsilon)$-approximation guarantees. Our techniques combine new strategies for constant-factor approximation with efficient coreset constructions and compact encoding schemes, leading to optimal protocols that match both the communication costs of the best-known offline coreset constructions and existing lower bounds (Chen et al., NeurIPS 2016, Huang et. al., STOC 2024), up to polylogarithmic factors.