More than the Sum: Panorama-Language Models for Adverse Omni-Scenes

Weijia Fan; Ruiping Liu; Jiale Wei; Yufan Chen; Junwei Zheng; Zichao Zeng; Jiaming Zhang; Qiufu Li; Linlin Shen; Rainer Stiefelhagen

arXiv · 2603.09573

More than the Sum: Panorama-Language Models for Adverse Omni-Scenes

Weijia Fan·Ruiping Liu·Jiale Wei·Yufan Chen·Junwei Zheng·Zichao Zeng·Jiaming Zhang·Qiufu Li·Linlin Shen·Rainer Stiefelhagen

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Abstract

Existing vision-language models (VLMs) are tailored for pinhole imagery, stitching multiple narrow field-of-view inputs to piece together a complete omni-scene understanding. Yet, such multi-view perception overlooks the holistic spatial and contextual relationships that a single panorama inherently preserves. In this work, we introduce the Panorama-Language Modeling (PLM)paradigm, a unified $360^\circ$ vision-language reasoning that is more than the sum of its pinhole counterparts. Besides, we present PanoVQA, a large-scale panoramic VQA dataset that involves adverse omni-scenes, enabling comprehensive reasoning under object occlusions and driving accidents. To establish a foundation for PLM, we develop a plug-and-play panoramic sparse attention module that allows existing pinhole-based VLMs to process equirectangular panoramas without retraining. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our PLM achieves superior robustness and holistic reasoning under challenging omni-scenes, yielding understanding greater than the sum of its narrow parts. Project page: https://github.com/InSAI-Lab/PanoVQA.

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Weijia Fan, Ruiping Liu, Jiale Wei, Yufan Chen, Junwei Zheng, Zichao Zeng, Jiaming Zhang, Qiufu Li, Linlin Shen, Rainer Stiefelhagen. 2026-03-10. More than the Sum: Panorama-Language Models for Adverse Omni-Scenes. https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.09573

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