Proto-NUX: A prototype telescope for ground-based near-ultraviolet observations

Abstract

The Near-UV-eXplorer (NUX) is a proposed ground-based, wide-field telescope array with a field of view of $\sim$70 square degrees, designed to operate over the 300-350 nm wavelength range and to achieve a target sensitivity of 20 mag in 150 seconds (5 sigma). Its main scientific objective is the detection and characterization of hot, rapidly evolving transients in the near-UV (NUV). Proto-NUX is a pathfinder instrument for NUX, based on an off-the-shelf 36 cm Celestron RASA wide-field astrograph that has been modified to enhance throughput and image quality in the targeted NUV band. The main objectives of Proto-NUX are: (1) to quantify the NUV sensitivity of the prototype and assess the feasibility of the full NUX facility; and (2) to characterize atmospheric extinction in the NUV, including its temporal variability and its dependence on zenith angle. Using three filter configurations, we aim to measure the wavelength dependence of the atmospheric extinction and to disentangle the contributions from Rayleigh scattering (dominating at wavelengths >325 nm) and molecular ozone-dominated absorption (dominating <315 nm). On-site testing is scheduled for 2026 at the Pic du Midi Observatory (France, 2877 m altitude) in order to evaluate on-sky performance under high-altitude observing conditions.