Multi-Outcome Circuit Optimization for Enhanced Non-Gaussian State Generation

Abstract

Photonic quantum computing has gained significant interest in recent years due to its potential for scaling to large numbers of qubits. A critical requirement for fault-tolerant quantum computation is the reliable generation of non-Gaussian quantum states, typically achieved using Gaussian operations and photon-number-resolving detectors. However, the probabilistic nature of quantum measurement typically results in low success rates for state preparation. Conventionally, these circuits are optimized to herald a single specific target outcome, thereby disregarding the potential utility of alternative measurement patterns generated by the same physical setup. In this work, we propose and demonstrate a multi-outcome optimization strategy that increases the overall acceptance probability by allowing a single circuit to produce useful quantum states across several measurement patterns. To evaluate this approach, we apply the framework to the generation of Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill core states, Schrodinger cat states, binomial codes, and cubic phase states using both two-mode and three-mode Gaussian circuits. We demonstrate that the success probability can be enhanced through two distinct mechanisms: first, by simultaneously targeting a diverse set of useful resource states, and second, by aggregating degenerate outcomes to maximize the production rate of a single target state.