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arXiv · 2603.21153

Learning from Label Proportions with Dual-proportion Constraints

Tianhao Ma·Ximing Li·Changchun Li·Renchu Guan
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Abstract

Learning from Label Proportions (LLP) is a weakly supervised problem in which the training data comprise bags, that is, groups of instances, each annotated only with bag-level class label proportions, and the objective is to learn a classifier that predicts instance-level labels. This setting is widely applicable when privacy constraints limit access to instance-level annotations or when fine-grained labeling is costly or impractical. In this work, we introduce a method that leverages Dual proportion Constraints (LLP-DC) during training, enforcing them at both the bag and instance levels. Specifically, the bag-level training aligns the mean prediction with the given proportion, and the instance-level training aligns hard pseudo-labels that satisfy the proportion constraint, where a minimum-cost maximum-flow algorithm is used to generate hard pseudo-labels. Extensive experimental results across various benchmark datasets empirically validate that LLP-DC consistently improves over previous LLP methods across datasets and bag sizes. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/TianhaoMa5/CV PR2026_Findings_LLP_DC.

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Tianhao Ma, Ximing Li, Changchun Li, Renchu Guan. 2026-03-22. Learning from Label Proportions with Dual-proportion Constraints. https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.21153

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