From Part to Whole: 3D Generative World Model with an Adaptive Structural Hierarchy

Bi'an Du; Daizong Liu; Pufan Li; Wei Hu

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arXiv · 2603.21557

From Part to Whole: 3D Generative World Model with an Adaptive Structural Hierarchy

Bi'an Du·Daizong Liu·Pufan Li·Wei Hu

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Abstract

Single-image 3D generation lies at the core of vision-to-graphics models in the real world. However, it remains a fundamental challenge to achieve reliable generalization across diverse semantic categories and highly variable structural complexity under sparse supervision. Existing approaches typically model objects in a monolithic manner or rely on a fixed number of parts, including recent part-aware models such as PartCrafter, which still require a labor-intensive user-specified part count. Such designs easily lead to overfitting, fragmented or missing structural components, and limited compositional generalization when encountering novel object layouts. To this end, this paper rethinks single-image 3D generation as learning an adaptive part-whole hierarchy in the flexible 3D latent space. We present a novel part-to-whole 3D generative world model that autonomously discovers latent structural slots by inferring soft and compositional masks directly from image tokens. Specifically, an adaptive slot-gating mechanism dynamically determines the slot-wise activation probabilities and smoothly consolidates redundant slots within different objects, ensuring that the emergent structure remains compact yet expressive across categories. Each distilled slot is then aligned to a learnable, class-agnostic prototype bank, enabling powerful cross-category shape sharing and denoising through universal geometric prototypes in the real world. Furthermore, a lightweight 3D denoiser is introduced to reconstruct geometry and appearance via unified diffusion objectives. Experiments show consistent gains in cross-category transfer and part-count extrapolation, and ablations confirm complementary benefits of the prototype bank for shape-prior sharing as well as slot-gating for structural adaptation.

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Bi'an Du, Daizong Liu, Pufan Li, Wei Hu. 2026-03-23. From Part to Whole: 3D Generative World Model with an Adaptive Structural Hierarchy. https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.21557

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