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arXiv · 2603.23596

A Breath of Fresh Air for Molière: Detecting Molière Scattering using Jet Substructure Observables in Oxygen Collisions

Arjun Srinivasan Kudinoor·Arthur Yi-Ting Lin·Daniel Pablos·Krishna Rajagopal
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Abstract

Ultra-relativistic oxygen-oxygen (OO) collisions are a promising arena in which to probe rare, large-angle, high momentum-transfer $2\rightarrow2$ Molière scatterings between energetic jet partons and quasiparticles in quark-gluon plasma (QGP). As a jet propagates through the droplet of QGP formed in the same collision, its constituents lose energy to and excite wakes in the medium, and may scatter off quark- and gluon-like quasiparticles in QGP. Using the hybrid strong/weak coupling model, we show that including Molière scatterings between jet partons and medium quasiparticles is essential to reproduce recent CMS measurements of charged-particle suppression in OO collisions with this model. We then present the first theoretical study of how jet-medium interactions modify the internal structure of jets in OO collisions. We find that Molière scatterings broaden the Soft Drop splitting angle $R_g$, enhancing the population of $R=0.4$ and $R=0.8$ jets with $R_g\gtrsim0.2$ in OO collisions relative to pp collisions. Energy-energy correlators (EECs) provide a complementary probe, exhibiting enhanced large-angle correlations within jets due to jet-induced wakes and Molière scattering. In both cases, we propose an experimental measurement where the relevant OO/pp ratio can, if enhanced above unity in future data as in our calculations, be a distinctive, model-independent, detection of hard scattering off QGP quasiparticles. We furthermore use our calculations of EECs to show how the angular scale corresponding to the deflection of jet or medium partons by Molière scattering is imprinted in the EEC for jets with radius $R_{\rm jet}\sim0.8$ in OO collisions. These results demonstrate that jet substructure measurements in OO collisions are promising avenues to probe the quasiparticles that emerge at short distances within an otherwise strongly coupled medium.

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Arjun Srinivasan Kudinoor, Arthur Yi-Ting Lin, Daniel Pablos, Krishna Rajagopal. 2026-03-24. A Breath of Fresh Air for Molière: Detecting Molière Scattering using Jet Substructure Observables in Oxygen Collisions. https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.23596

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