Dual Implications of Quark Mass Hierarchies to Flavor Structure

Ying Zhang

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arXiv · 2604.02607

Dual Implications of Quark Mass Hierarchies to Flavor Structure

Ying Zhang

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Abstract

To solve the mystery of flavor structure, we demonstrate two implications emerging from the hierarchical masses of quarks: one for the mass matrix itself and one for the CKM mixing. These implications naturally lead to a non-redundant, ordered, and family-unified quark flavor structure, which serves as a candidate to replace the unclear Yukawa interactions of the Standard Model.

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Ying Zhang. 2026-04-03. Dual Implications of Quark Mass Hierarchies to Flavor Structure. https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.02607

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