Hamiltonian learning for spin-spiral moiré magnets from electronic magnetotransport

Abstract

Two-dimensional noncollinear magnetic states, such as spin-spiral magnets, offer an excellent platform for investigating fundamental phenomena, with potential for advancing stray-field-free spintronics. However, detection and characterization of noncollinear magnetic states in two-dimensional systems remain challenging, motivating the development of alternative probing methods. Here, we present a methodology for extracting the spin-spiral $\mathbf{q}$ vector from lateral electronic transport measurements. Our approach leverages the magnetic field and bias dependence of the conductance to train a supervised machine learning algorithm, which enables us to extract the $\mathbf{q}$ vectors of arbitrary spin-spiral magnets. We demonstrate that this methodology is robust to the presence of impurities in the system and noise in the conductance data. Our findings show that the conductance pattern reveals a complex dependence on the $\mathbf{q}$ vector of the spin spiral, providing a new strategy to learn magnetic structures directly from transport experiments.