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arXiv · 2604.04321

Minimising Willmore Energy via Neural Flow

Edward Hirst·Henrique N. Sá Earp·Tomás S. R. Silva
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Abstract

The neural Willmore flow of a closed oriented $2$-surface in $\mathbb{R}^3$ is introduced as a natural evolution process to minimise the Willmore energy, which is the squared $L^2$-norm of mean curvature. Neural architectures are used to model maps from topological $2d$ domains to $3d$ Euclidean space, where the learning process minimises a PINN-style loss for the Willmore energy as a functional on the embedding. Training reproduces the expected round sphere for genus $0$ surfaces, and the Clifford torus for genus $1$ surfaces, respectively. Furthermore, the experiment in the genus $2$ case provides a novel approach to search for minimal Willmore surfaces in this open problem.

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Edward Hirst, Henrique N. Sá Earp, Tomás S. R. Silva. 2026-04-06. Minimising Willmore Energy via Neural Flow. https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.04321

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