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arXiv · 2604.12020

Beyond the Standard Model of Cosmology: Testing new paradigms with a Multiprobe Exploration of the Dark Universe

Juan Garcia-Bellido
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Abstract

Cosmology is living through fascinating times, where new observations from ground and space telescopes are questioning the established paradigm, the so-called Lambda Cold Dark Matter model. The particle nature of Dark Matter is severely constrained by underground experiments, while recent observations by galaxy surveys indicate that the cosmological constant (Lambda) may not be constant after all. Furthermore, observations at high redshift of fully-formed galaxies with massive black holes at their centers by the James Webb Space Telescope, as well as black holes with unexpected properties observed by gravitational wave detectors LIGO-Virgo, are driving an in-depth revision of our assumptions in models of structure formation and the evolution of the universe. I propose to explore two new paradigms to account for Dark Matter and Dark Energy, based on known physics without the need for new particles nor new degrees of freedom. I will extend the primordial spectrum of fluctuations to small scales with new statistical properties to provide a viable Primordial Black Hole scenario for Dark Matter, and will include non-equilibrium thermodynamics in the expanding universe, in the form of General Relativistic Entropic Acceleration, to explain Dark Energy. My proposal could provide a unified explanation for a plethora of interrelated multi-epoch, multi-scale and multi-probe observations from present and future Gravitational Wave detectors, Large Scale Structure observatories and Cosmic Microwave Background experiments. It emphasizes the need to develop new theoretical ideas hand-in-hand with observations to acquire a deeper understanding of our universe. If these ideas are correct, they will open a new window into the early universe and a new fundamental understanding of gravity in the late universe.

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Juan Garcia-Bellido. 2026-04-13. Beyond the Standard Model of Cosmology: Testing new paradigms with a Multiprobe Exploration of the Dark Universe. https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.12020

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